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China Daily
 

China Daily
Headquarters of China Daily in February 2023
TypeDaily newspaper, state media
FormatBroadsheet
Owner(s)Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party
Editor-in-chiefQu Yingpu
Founded1 June 1981; 43 years ago (1981-06-01)
LanguageEnglish
HeadquartersChina: 15 Huixin Street East, Chaoyang District, Beijing
39°58′48″N 116°25′26″E / 39.980092°N 116.423802°E / 39.980092; 116.423802 (China Daily)
Overseas: 1500 Broadway, Suite 2800
New York, NY 10036
U.S.
Websitewww.chinadaily.com.cn Edit this at Wikidata

China Daily (Chinese: 中国日报; pinyin: Zhōngguó Rìbào) is an English-language daily newspaper owned by the Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party.[1][2][3]

Overview

China Daily has the widest print circulation of any English-language newspaper in China.[1] The headquarters and principal editorial office is in the Chaoyang District of Beijing.[4] The newspaper has branch offices in most major cities of China as well as several major foreign cities including New York City, Washington, D.C., London, and Kathmandu.[5] China Daily also produces an insert of sponsored content called China Watch that has been distributed inside other newspapers including The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, The Washington Post, and Le Figaro.[6][7][8][9][10]

Within mainland China, the newspaper targets primarily diplomats, foreign expatriates, tourists, and locals wishing to improve their English.[1] The China edition also offers program guides to Radio Beijing and television, daily exchange rates, and local entertainment schedules.[11] It has been used as a guide to Chinese government policy and positions of the Chinese Communist Party.[12][13] Scholar Falk Hartig describes the newspaper and its various international editions as an "instrument of China's public diplomacy."[1][14]

China Daily's editorial policies have historically been described as slightly more liberal than other Chinese state news outlets.[1][15][16] Its coverage of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre was overwhelmingly sympathetic to the student protests with many of its journalists joining in at the height of mass demonstrations.[17] The newspaper's coverage of the 2002–2004 SARS outbreak was reported to be more critical, fact-driven, and less laudatory than that of the People's Daily.[18] A 2018 discourse analysis from Uppsala University found that prior to Xi Jinping's accession, many China Daily articles portrayed their government as a particular kind of democracy, with democratic ideals such as the implementation of universal suffrage (in Hong Kong) and grassroots elections sometimes endorsed. After his accession, articles became more negative in tone toward democracy and shifted focus to portraying the "vices" of democracies in the West, particularly the United States.[19]

Editorial control

Scholars have described China Daily as effectively controlled by the Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party.[1][2][3] Ideologically, it tends to adopt similar perspectives to the People's Daily.[20] According to its 2014 annual report, China Daily is formally managed by the State Council Information Office (SCIO), which was formed from the Central Publicity Department in 1991.[4][21] The SCIO holds regular meetings with journalists and editors from China Daily on what they should publish.[21] In 2014, the SCIO was absorbed into the CCP's Central Publicity Department.[22] The SCIO has stated that China Daily is "one of our most important tools in carrying out external propaganda".[23]

A former copy-editor (or "polisher" as termed at China Daily) for the newspaper described her role being "to tweak propaganda enough that it read as English, without inadvertently triggering war."[24] Journalist Michael Ottey described his time working for China Daily as "almost like working for a public relations firm" and added "it wasn't really honest journalism. It was more 'Let's make the Chinese government look good.'"[25] Writer Mitch Moxley, who worked at China Daily from 2007 to 2008, wrote in 2013 that many of the articles published in the newspaper's opinion pages "violated everything had ever learned about journalistic ethics, including China Daily's own code: 'Factual, Honest, Fair, Complete.'"[26]

History

China Daily was officially established in June 1981 after a one-month trial.[27] It was initially led by Jiang Muyue, with Liu Zhunqi as editor in chief.[17] It was the first national daily English-language newspaper in China after the establishment of the People's Republic in 1949. Its initial circulation was 22,000, which grew to 65,000 by the following year.[27] The paper was a departure from other Chinese newspapers at the time: it was "a Western-style paper", in content, style, and organizational structure.[27] By July 1982, the newspaper had plans to publish editions in the United States, the United Kingdom, and tentatively Australia.[27] Initially, it struggled to find English-speaking journalists.[27]

China Daily began distribution in North America in 1983. It has been registered as a foreign agent in the United States under the Foreign Agents Registration Act since 1983.[28]

China Daily introduced an online edition in 1996 and a Hong Kong edition in 1997.[29] By 2006, it had a reported circulation of 300,000, of which two thirds were in China and one third international.[17] In 2010, it launched China Daily Asia Weekly, a tabloid-sized pan-Asian edition.[29]

In December 2012, China Daily launched an Africa edition, published in Nairobi, the capital of Kenya.[30][31] This edition aimed expand the China Daily readership, of both African people and Chinese people who live in Africa, and showcase China's interests in Africa.[31]

In 2015, China Daily published a fake op-ed which the publication claimed was penned by Peter Hessler. They combined part of the transcript of an interview he had done with comments from another person interviewed as well as completely fabricated parts and ran it as an op-ed under Hessler's byline without his knowledge or permission.[32] The fabricated op-ed contained made up praise for China and misrepresented Hessler's own words by taking them out of context.[33][34] According to the Associated Press, the editorial repeated Chinese Communist Party talking points and China Daily refused to retract it although it subsequently removed the English language version of the op-ed.[35]

In 2018, the paper fabricated a quote by the mayor of Davos, Tarzisius Caviezel.[36]

A January 2020 report by Freedom House, a U.S. non-governmental organization, noted that China Daily had increased its spending from $500,000 in the first half of 2009 to over $5 million in the latter half of 2019 for increased print runs.[37][38] China Daily said it had a circulation of 300,000 in the U.S. and 600,000 overseas.[38]

In February 2020, a group of U.S. lawmakers asked the United States Department of Justice to investigate China Daily for alleged violations of the Foreign Agents Registration Act.[39] Later the same month, the United States Department of State designated China Daily, along with several other Chinese state media outlets, as foreign missions owned or controlled by the Chinese Communist Party.[40][41][28][42]

In June 2020, China Daily awarded a tender for a "foreign personnel analysis platform" to the Communication University of China to scan social media and automatically flag "false statements and reports on China."[43]

In September 2020, India's Ministry of External Affairs issued a statement saying that comments made by China Daily were falsely attributed to Ajit Doval.[44] In September 2023, the US Department of State accused the Chinese government of information laundering by using a fictitious opinion columnist named "Yi Fan" writing in China Daily and other outsets to present state narratives as "organic sentiment".[45][46][47]

In January 2024, China Daily and the Yunnan International Communication Center, a project of the Publicity Department of the Yunnan provincial CCP committee, jointly launched the South and Southeast Asian Media Network.[48]

Reception

Overall

In a 2004 journal article, University of Sheffield professor Lily Chen stated that China Daily was "essentially a publicly funded government mouthpiece".[49] Judy Polumbaum stated in the Berkshire Encyclopedia of China (2009) that China Daily "resists definition as a simple mouthpiece" and has a "distinctive, if quixotic, status".[17] In 2009, China Daily was called "the most influential English language national newspaper in China" according to University of St. Thomas scholar Juan Li.[20] It is known for original reporting.[17] Non-governmental organization Reporters Without Borders has accused China Daily of engaging in censorship and propaganda.[50][51]

The New York Times wrote that China Daily's inserts published in US newspapers "generally offer an informative, if anodyne, view of world affairs refracted through the lens of the Communist Party."[28] In response to criticism, The New York Times, The Washington Post, The Daily Telegraph, and Nine Entertainment Co. ceased publishing China Daily's China Watch inserts in their newspapers.[7][10] In March 2024, US senator Marco Rubio publicly called on The Seattle Times, Houston Chronicle, The Boston Globe, Los Angeles Times, Time, USA Today, Financial Times, Sun Sentinel, and the Chicago Tribune to sever financial ties with China Daily.[52]

Disinformation

Media outlets such as The New York Times, NPR, Quartz, and BuzzFeed News have published accounts of China Daily's dissemination of disinformation related to the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests.[53][54][55][56][57] In September 2019, China Daily's official Facebook account stated that Hong Kong protesters were planning on launching terrorist attacks on 11 September of the same year.[58][59]

In May 2020, CNN, Financial Times, and other media outlets reported that China Daily censored references to the origin of the COVID-19 pandemic from an opinion piece authored by European Union ambassadors.[60][61][62][63] In January 2021, China Daily inaccurately attributed deaths in Norway to the Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine.[64] In April 2021, the European External Action Service published a report that cited China Daily and other state media outlets for "selective highlighting" of potential vaccine side-effects and "disregarding contextual information or ongoing research" to present Western vaccines as unsafe.[65][66] In October 2021, the German Marshall Fund reported that China Daily was one of several state media outlets propagating a conspiracy theory concerning the origins of COVID-19.[67]

In January 2022, China Daily alleged that the U.S. planned to pay athletes to "sabotage" the 2022 Winter Olympics.[68] In March 2022, China Daily published an article in Chinese[69] which falsely claimed that COVID-19 was created by Moderna, citing a page on The Exposé, a British conspiracist website.[70][71]

Portrayal of Muslims

A 2019 critical discourse analysis of China Daily's coverage of Chinese Muslims found them to be portrayed as "obedient and dependent Chinese citizens who benefit from the government's intervention."[72] In January 2021, a China Daily article praised a report from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, stating that government policies in Xinjiang had "emancipated" the minds of Uyghur women so that they are "no longer baby-making machines".[73][74] The article drew condemnation as being a justification for reproductive policies which persecute Uyghur people,[75][76][77] and sparked calls for Twitter to remove links to the article.[78][79][80] Twitter removed a reposting of the China Daily article by the PRC's official U.S. embassy account and subsequently suspended the account for contravening its stated policy against "dehumanization of a group of people".[81]

See also

References

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List of leaders of the People's Republic of China#Current office holders
List of current Chinese provincial leaders
List of national leaders of the People's Republic of China
Orders of precedence in China
Paramount leader
Xi Jinping
First Lady of the People's Republic of China
Peng Liyuan
Leader of the Chinese Communist Party
Xi Jinping
List of state representatives of the People's Republic of China
Xi Jinping
List of premiers of the People's Republic of China
Li Qiang
Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
Zhao Leji
Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
Wang Huning
Supreme Military Command of the People's Republic of China
Xi Jinping
Longest-serving members of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
Unified power
Democratic centralism
Collective leadership
Organization Department of the Chinese Communist Party
Elections in China
Civil Service of China
Constitution of the People's Republic of China
Law of the People's Republic of China
Constitution of the People's Republic of China
Constitutional history of the People's Republic of China
1954 Constitution of the People's Republic of China
1975 Constitution of the People's Republic of China
1978 Constitution of the People's Republic of China
People's democratic dictatorship
Democratic centralism
Constitutional oath of office of China
Human rights in China
Freedom of religion in China
Highest organ of state power
Chinese law
Civil law (legal system)
Socialist law
Law of the People's Republic of China
Legislation Law of the People's Republic of China
List of statutes of China
General Principles of the Civil Law of the People's Republic of China
Civil Code of People's Republic of China
New Marriage Law
Chinese labour law
Labour Law of the People's Republic of China
Labour Contract Law of the People's Republic of China
Chinese property law
Property Law of the People's Republic of China
Intellectual property in China
Patent law of China
Administrative law in China
Administrative Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China
Crime in China
Capital punishment in China
Capital offences in China
Death sentence with reprieve
Chinese Communist Party
History of the Chinese Communist Party
Leader of the Chinese Communist Party
Constitution of the Chinese Communist Party
Ideology of the Chinese Communist Party
Chinese Communist Party Admission Oath
Socialism with Chinese characteristics
Communism
Marxism–Leninism
Maoism
Deng Xiaoping Theory
Primary stage of socialism
Four Cardinal Principles
Three Represents
Scientific Outlook on Development
Harmonious Society
Xi Jinping Thought
Chinese Dream
Four Comprehensives
Two Establishes and Two Safeguards
Democracy in China
Organization of the Chinese Communist Party
National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party
20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party
Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
20th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party
Leader of the Chinese Communist Party
Xi Jinping
Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party
20th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party
Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
20th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party
20th Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party
Central Military Commission (China)
Chairman of the Central Military Commission (China)
Xi Jinping
Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission
Zhang Youxia
He Weidong
National Security Commission of the Chinese Communist Party
Xi Jinping
Li Qiang
Zhao Leji
Cai Qi
Cai Qi
Central Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission
Xi Jinping
Li Qiang
Wang Huning
Cai Qi
Wang Huning
Central Financial and Economic Affairs Commission
Xi Jinping
Li Qiang
He Lifeng
General Office of the Chinese Communist Party
Cai Qi
Office of the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party
Cai Qi
Central Guard Bureau
Central Guard Regiment
National Administration for the Protection of State Secrets
Organization Department of the Chinese Communist Party
Li Ganjie
Central Commission for Discipline Inspection
20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection
Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection
Standing Committee of the 20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection
Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection
Li Xi (politician)
Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Military Commission
Zhang Shengmin
Central Leading Group for Inspection Work
Li Xi (politician)
Chinese Communist Party Provincial Standing Committee
Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary
Chinese Communist Party Deputy Committee Secretary
Party group
National People's Congress
14th National People's Congress
Elections in China
Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
Council of Chairpersons
Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
Zhao Leji
Vice Chairperson of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
Li Hongzhong
Secretary-General of the National People's Congress
Liu Qi (politician, born 1957)
Special Committee of the National People's Congress
Ethnic Affairs Committee
Constitution and Law Committee
Supervisory and Judicial Affairs Committee
Financial and Economic Affairs Committee
Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee
Foreign Affairs Committee of the National People's Congress
Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee
Environment Protection and Resources Conservation Committee
Agriculture and Rural Affairs Committee
Social Development Affairs Committee
Presidium of the National People's Congress
President of the People's Republic of China
List of Presidents of the People's Republic of China
Xi Jinping
Office of the President of the People's Republic of China
Cai Qi
Vice President of the People's Republic of China
Han Zheng
State Council of the People's Republic of China
Li Qiang Government
Premier of the People's Republic of China
List of premiers of the People's Republic of China
Li Qiang
Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China
List of vice premiers of the People's Republic of China
Ding Xuexiang
He Lifeng
Zhang Guoqing
Liu Guozhong
State councillor
Wang Xiaohong
Wu Zhenglong
Shen Yiqin
Secretary-General of the State Council
Wu Zhenglong
Constituent departments of the State Council
National Development and Reform Commission
People's Bank of China
National Audit Office (China)
General Office of the State Council
Secretary-General of the State Council
Deputy Secretary-General of the State Council
State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission
List of government-owned companies of China
Central Military Commission (China)
Chairman of the Central Military Commission (China)
Supreme Military Command of the People's Republic of China
Xi Jinping
Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission
Zhang Youxia
He Weidong
Liu Zhenli (general)
Miao Hua
Zhang Shengmin
General Office of the Central Military Commission
Zhong Shaojun
Joint Staff Department of the Central Military Commission
Chief of staff
Liu Zhenli (general)
Political Work Department of the Central Military Commission
Miao Hua
Logistic Support Department of the Central Military Commission
Zhang Lin (general)
Equipment Development Department of the Central Military Commission
Xu Xueqiang
Training and Administration Department of the Central Military Commission
Wang Peng (lieutenant general)
National Defense Mobilization Department of the Central Military Commission
Liu Faqing
Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Military Commission
Zhang Shengmin
Political and Legal Affairs Commission of the Central Military Commission
Science and Technology Commission of the Central Military Commission
Office for Strategic Planning of the Central Military Commission
Office for Reform and Organizational Structure of the Central Military Commission
Office for International Military Cooperation of the Central Military Commission
Audit Office of the Central Military Commission
Agency for Offices Administration of the Central Military Commission
File:China Emblem PLA.svg
People's Liberation Army
Theater commands of the People's Liberation Army
File:Chinese People's Armed Police Force (CAPF) cap insignia.svg
People's Armed Police
File:Emblem of China Coast Guard.svg
China Coast Guard
Militia (China)
State Council of the People's Republic of China
National Defense Mobilization Commission
Premier of the People's Republic of China
Li Qiang
Ministry of National Defense (China)
Minister of National Defense (China)
Dong Jun
Ministry of Veterans Affairs (China)
State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defence
History of the People's Liberation Army
List of wars involving the People's Republic of China
Modernization of the People's Liberation Army
2015 People's Republic of China military reform
Central Leading Group for Military Reform
Xi Jinping
National Supervisory Commission
Liu Jinguo
Corruption in China
Anti-corruption campaign under Xi Jinping
Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong)
Commission Against Corruption (Macau)
Supreme People's Court
Supreme People's Court#Presidents and Vice Presidents of the Court
Zhang Jun (politician)
People's Police (China)
Supreme People's Procuratorate
Supreme People's Procuratorate#List of Prosecutors-General
Ying Yong
People's Police (China)
Judiciary of Hong Kong
Court of Final Appeal (Hong Kong)
Department of Justice (Hong Kong)
Prosecutions Division (Hong Kong)
Law enforcement in Hong Kong
Security Bureau (Hong Kong)
Hong Kong Disciplined Services
Hong Kong Police Force
Judiciary of Macau
Court of Final Appeal (Macau)
Secretariat for Security (Macau)
Macau Security Force
警察總局
Public Security Police Force of Macau
司法警察局
United front (China)
Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
Wang Huning
Vice Chairperson of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
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